The Narrative of Arthur (book summary)

The Narrative of Arthur

by: Edgar Allan Poe

The first section of the novel features Pym's small boat being destroyed.

Arthur Gordon Pym was born on the island of Nantucket, famous for its fishing harbor and whaling. His best friend, Augustus Barnard, is the son of the captain of a whaling ship. One night, the two boys get drunk and decide, on Augustus's whim, to take advantage of the breeze and sail out on Pym's sailboat, the Ariel. But the breeze turns out to be the beginnings of a violent storm. The situation gets critical when Augustus passes out drunk, and the inexperienced Pym must take control of the dinghy. The Ariel finally capsizes in the storm, and Pym and Augustus are rescued only in the last minute by the Penguin, a returning whaling ship. After they're safely back on land, they decide to keep this episode a secret from their parents.

This adventure does not dissuade Pym from sailing adventures; rather, his imagination is ignited by the experience. His interest is further fueled by the tales of a sailor's life that Augustus tells him. Pym decides to follow Augustus as a stowaway on the Grampus, a whaling vessel commanded by Augustus's father that is bound for the southern seas. Augustus helps Pym by preparing a hideout in the hold for him and smuggling Tiger, Pym's faithful dog, on board. Augustus promises to provide Pym with water and food until the ship is too far from shore to return, at which time Pym wants to reveal himself.

Due to the stuffy atmosphere and vapors in the dark and cramped hold, Pym becomes increasingly comatose and delirious over the days. He can't communicate with Augustus, and the promised supplies only arrive at irregular intervals, so Pym runs out of water. In the course of this ordeal, he discovers a letter attached to his dog Tiger, written in blood, warning Pym to remain hidden, as his life depends on it.

Augustus finally sets Pym free. He explains the mysterious message, as well as his delay in retrieving his friend: A mutiny had erupted on the whaling ship. Part of the crew was slaughtered by the mutineers, while another group, including Augustus's father, had abandoned the ship. Augustus survived because he had befriended one of the mutineers, Dirk Peters, who now regrets his part in the mutiny.

Peters, Pym, and Augustus hatch a plan to seize control of the ship again: During a storm Pym, whose presence is unknown to the mutineers, will dress in the clothes of a recently-dead sailor and masquerade as a ghost. Taking advantage of the confusion that is sure to break out among the superstitious sailors, Peters and Augustus, helped by Tiger, will take over the ship again. Everything goes according to plan, and soon the three men are masters of the Grampus: The mutineers are killed or thrown overboard, with the exception of one man, Richard Parker, whom they spare to help them run the vessel.

Illustration of the death of Augustus by Albert Edward Sterner, 1895 The storm increases in force, breaking the mast, tearing the sails and flooding the hold. All four manage to survive by lashing themselves to the hull. As the storm abates, they find themselves safe for the moment, but without provisions. Over the following days, the men approach death from starvation and thirst.

They sight an erratically moving Dutch ship with a grinning red capped seaman on deck, nodding in apparent greeting as they approach. Initially delighted with the prospect of deliverance, their emotions quickly change to horror as they are overcome with an awful stench. They soon realize that the apparently cheerful sailor is, in fact, a corpse propped up in the ship's rigging, his "grin" a result of his partially decomposed skull moving as a seagull feeds upon it. As the ship passes they see that all its occupants are rotting corpses.

As more time passes with no sight of either land or other ships, Parker suggests that one of them should be killed as food for the others. They draw straws and Parker is sacrificed. This gives the others a reprieve, but Augustus soon dies from wounds received when they reclaimed the Grampus, and several more storms batter the already badly damaged ship. Pym and Peters float on the upturned hull and are close to death when they are rescued by the Jane Guy, a ship out of Liverpool.

Aboard the Jane Guy, Pym and Peters become part of the crew and join the ship on its expedition to hunt sea calves and seals for fur and explore the southern oceans. Pym studies the islands around the Cape of Good Hope and becomes interested in the social structures of penguins, albatrosses, and other sea birds. Upon his urging, the captain agrees to sail further south towards the unexplored Antarctic regions.

The ship crosses an ice barrier and finds itself in open sea, close to the South Pole, albeit with a mild climate. Here the Jane Guy comes upon a mysterious island called Tsalal, inhabited by a tribe of black, apparently friendly, natives led by a chief named Too-Wit. The color white is alien to the island's inhabitants and unnerves them, because nothing of that color is found there. Even the natives' teeth are black. The island is also home to many undiscovered species of flora and fauna. Even its water is different than water elsewhere, strangely thick and exhibiting multicolored veins.

The natives' relationship with the sailors is initially cordial. So Too-Wit and the captain begin trading. Their friendliness, however, turns out to be a ruse and on the eve of the ship's proposed departure, the natives ambush the crew in a narrow gorge. Everyone except Pym and Peters are slaughtered and the Jane Guy is overrun and burned by the malevolent tribe.

XXV) Pym and Peters hide in the mountains surrounding the site of the ambush. They discover a labyrinth of passages in the hills with strange marks on the walls and disagree about whether these are products of artifice or natural forces. Facing a shortage of food, they make a desperate run and steal a pirogue from the natives, making a narrow escape from the island, and taking one of its inhabitants prisoner.

The small boat drifts even further south by a current of increasingly warm water, which has become milky white in color. After several days they encounter a rain of ashes and then observe a huge cataract of fog or mist, which splits open to accommodate their entrance upon approach. The native dies as a huge shrouded white figure appears before them.

Here the novel ends abruptly. A short postscript, ostensibly written by the book's editors, compares the shapes of the labyrinth and the wall marks noted by Pym to Arabian and Egyptian letters and hieroglyphs with meanings of "Shaded", "White", and "Region to the South".

N\A 29/11/2010

Ενότητα: Book Summaries part 1

Πηγή: Wikipedia