Quotes About sb 1070

I </b>have often regretted my speech, </b>never my silence.</b>

PUBLIUS SYRUS. 42 B. C. _Maxim 1070._

IBN </b>GABIROL [</b>SOLOMON BEN JUDAH],</b> Jewish poet and philosopher, </b>was born at Malaga, </b>probably about 1021. </b>The early part of his troublous life was spent at Saragossa, </b>but few personal details of it are recorded. </b>His parents died while he was a child and he was under the protection first of a certain Jekuthiel, </b>who died in 1039, </b>and afterwards of Samuel ha-Nagid, </b>the well-known patron of learning. </b>His passionate disposition, </b>however, </b>embittered no doubt by his misfortunes, </b>involved him in frequent difficulties and led to his quarrelling with Samuel. </b>It is generally agreed that he died young, </b>although the date is uncertain. </b>Al Harizi[1] </b>says at the age of twenty-nine, </b>and Moses b. </b>Ezra[2] </b>about thirty, </b>but Abraham Zaccuto[3] </b>states that he died (</b>at Valencia) </b>in 1070. </b>M. </b>Steinschneider[4] </b>accepts the date 1058. </b>Entry: </b>>IBN
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 14, Slice 2 "Hydromechanics" to "Ichnography" 1910-1911
CONTARINI<</b>b>, </b>the name of a distinguished Venetian family, </b>who gave to the republic eight doges and many other eminent citizens. </b>The story of their descent from the Roman family of Cotta, </b>appointed prefects of the Reno valley (</b>whence Cotta Reni or Conti del Reno),</b> is probably a legend. </b>One Mario Contarini was among the twelve electors of the doge Paulo Lucio Anafesto in 697. </b>Domenico Contarini, </b>elected doge in 1043, </b>subjugated rebellious Dalmatia and recaptured Grado from the patriarch of Aquileia. </b>He died in 1070. </b>Jacopo was doge from 1275 to 1280. </b>Andrea was elected doge in 1367, </b>and during his reign the war of Chioggia took place (</b>1380);</b> he was the first to melt down his plate and mortgage his property for the benefit of the state. </b>Other Contarini doges were: </b>Francesco (</b>1623-1624),</b> Niccolò<b> (</b>1630-1631),</b> who built the church of the Salute, </b>Carlo (</b>1655-1656),</b> during whose reign the Venetians gained the naval victory of the Dardanelles, </b>Domenico (</b>1659-1675) </b>and Alvise (</b>1676-1684).</b> There were at one time no less than eighteen branches of the family; </b>one of the most important was that of Contarini dallo Zaffo or di Giaffa, </b>who had been invested with the countship of Jaffa in Syria for their services to Caterina Cornaro, </b>queen of Cyprus; </b>another was that of Contarini degli Scrigni (</b>of the coffers),</b> so called on account of their great wealth. </b>Many members of the family distinguished themselves in the service of the republic, </b>in the wars against the Turks, </b>and no less than seven Contarini fought at Lepanto. </b>One Andrea Contarini was beheaded in 1430 for having wounded the doge Francesco Foscari (</b>q.v.)</b> on the nose. </b>Other members of the house were famous as merchants, </b>prelates and men of letters; </b>among these we may mention Cardinal Gasparo Contarini (</b>1483-1542),</b> and Marco Contarini (</b>1631-1689),</b> who was celebrated as a patron of music and collected at his villa of Piazzola a large number of valuable musical MSS.,</b> now in the Marciana library at Venice. </b>The family owned many palaces in various parts of Venice, </b>and several streets still bear its name. </b>Entry: </b>>CONTARINI
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 2 "Constantine Pavlovich" to "Convention" 1910-1911
In </b>1790 ice-yachting was in vogue on the Hudson river, </b>its headquarters being at Poughkeepsie, </b>New York. </b>The type was a square box on three runners, </b>the two forward ones being nailed to the box and the third acting as a rudder operated by a tiller. </b>The sail was a flatheaded sprit. </b>This primitive style generally obtained until 1853, </b>when triangular frames with "</b>boxes" </b>for the crew aft and jib and mainsail rig were introduced. </b>A heavy, </b>hard-riding type soon developed, </b>with short gaffs, </b>low sails, </b>large jibs and booms extending far over the stern. </b>It was over-canvassed and the mast was stepped directly over the runner-plank, </b>bringing the centre of sail-balance so far aft that the boats were apt to run away, </b>and the over-canvassing frequently caused the windward runner to swing up into the air to a dangerous height. </b>The largest and fastest example of this type, </b>which prevailed until 1879, </b>was Commodore J. </b>A. </b>Roosevelt's first "</b>Icicle,"</b> which measured 69 ft. </b>over all and carried >1070 sq. </b>ft. </b>of canvas. </b>In 1879 Mr H. </b>Relyea built the "</b>Robert Scott,"</b> which had a single backbone and wire guy-ropes, </b>and it became the model for all Hudson river ice-yachts. </b>Masts were now stepped farther forward, </b>jibs were shortened, </b>booms cut down, </b>and the centre of sail-balance was brought more inboard and higher up, </b>causing the centres of effort and resistance to come more in harmony. </b>The shallow steering-box became elliptical. </b>In 1881 occurred the first race for the American Challenge Pennant, </b>which represents the championship of the Hudson river, </b>the clubs competing including the Hudson river, </b>North Shrewsbury, </b>Orange lake, </b>Newburgh and Carthage Ice-Yacht Clubs. </b>The races are usually sailed five times round a triangle of which each leg measures one mile, </b>at least two of the legs being to windward. </b>Ice-yachts are divided into four classes, </b>carrying respectively 600 sq. </b>ft. </b>of canvas or more, </b>between 450 and 600, </b>between 300 and 450, </b>and less than 300 sq. </b>ft. </b>Ice-yachting is very popular on the Great Lakes, </b>both in the United States and Canada, </b>the Kingston (</b>Ontario) </b>Club having a fleet of over 25 sail. </b>Other important centres of the sport are Lakes Minnetonka and White Bear in Minnesota, </b>Lakes Winnebago and Pepin in Wisconsin, </b>Bar Harbor lake in Maine, </b>the St Lawrence river, </b>Quinte Bay and Lake Champlain. </b>Entry: </b>>ICE
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 14, Slice 2 "Hydromechanics" to "Ichnography" 1910-1911
GILBERT </b>DE LA PORRÉE, </b>frequently known as Gilbertus Porretanus or Pictaviensis (</b>>1070<b>-1154);</b> scholastic logician and theologian, </b>was born at Poitiers. </b>He was educated under Bernard of Chartres and Anselm of Laon. </b>After teaching for about twenty years in Chartres, </b>he lectured on dialectics and theology in Paris (</b>from 1137),</b> and in 1141 returned to Poitiers, </b>being elected bishop in the following year. </b>His heterodox opinions regarding the doctrine of the Trinity drew upon his works the condemnation of the church. </b>The synod of Reims in 1148 procured papal sanction for four propositions opposed to certain of Gilbert's tenets, </b>and his works were condemned until they should be corrected in accordance with the principles of the church. </b>Gilbert seems to have submitted quietly to this judgment; </b>he yielded assent to the four propositions, </b>and remained on friendly terms with his antagonists till his death on the 4th of September 1154. </b>Gilbert is almost the only logician of the 12th century who is quoted by the greater scholastics of the succeeding age. </b>His chief logical work, </b>the treatise _De sex principiis_, </b>was regarded with a reverence almost equal to that paid to Aristotle, </b>and furnished matter for numerous commentators, </b>amongst them Albertus Magnus. </b>Owing to the fame of this work, </b>he is mentioned by Dante as the _Magister sex principiorum_. </b>The treatise itself is a discussion of the Aristotelian categories, </b>specially of the six subordinate modes. </b>Gilbert distinguishes in the ten categories two classes, </b>one essential, </b>the other derivative. </b>Essential or inhering (</b>_formae inhaerentes_) </b>in the objects themselves are only _substance_, </b>_quantity_, </b>_quality_ and _relation_ in the stricter sense of that term. </b>The remaining six, </b>_when_, </b>_where_, </b>_action_, </b>_passion_, </b>_position_ and _habit_, </b>are relative and subordinate (</b>_formae assistentes_).</b> This suggestion has some interest, </b>but is of no great value, </b>either in logic or in the theory of knowledge. </b>More important in the history of scholasticism are the theological consequences to which Gilbert's realism led him. </b>In the commentary on the treatise _De Trinitate_ (</b>erroneously attributed to Boëtius) </b>he proceeds from the metaphysical notion that pure or abstract being is prior in nature to that which is. </b>This pure being is God, </b>and must be distinguished from the triune God as known to us. </b>God is incomprehensible, </b>and the categories cannot be applied to determine his existence. </b>In God there is no distinction or difference, </b>whereas in all substances or things there is duality, </b>arising from the element of matter. </b>Between pure being and substances stand the ideas or forms, </b>which subsist, </b>though they are not substances. </b>These forms, </b>when materialized, </b>are called _formae substantiales_ or _formae nativae_; </b>they are the essences of things, </b>and in themselves have no relation to the accidents of things. </b>Things are temporal, </b>the ideas perpetual, </b>God eternal. </b>The pure form of existence, </b>that by which God is God, </b>must be distinguished from the three persons who are God by participation in this form. </b>The form or essence is one, </b>the persons or substances three. </b>It was this distinction between Deitas or Divinitas and Deus that led to the condemnation of Gilbert's doctrine. </b>Entry: </b>>GILBERT
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 1 "Gichtel, Johann" to "Glory" 1910-1911
CAEN<</b>b>, </b>a city of north-western France, </b>capital of the department of Calvados, </b>7½ </b>m. </b>from the English Channel and 149 m. </b>W.N.W. </b>of Paris on the Western railway to Cherbourg. </b>Pop. </b>(1906<b>) </b>36,247. </b>It is situated in the valley and on the left bank of the Orne, </b>the right bank of which is occupied by the suburb of Vaucelles with the station of the Western railway. </b>To the south-west of Caen, </b>the Orne is joined by the Odon, </b>arms of which water the "</b>Prairie,"</b> a fine plain on which a well-known race-course is laid out. </b>Its wide streets, </b>of which the most important is the rue St Jean, </b>shady boulevards, </b>and public gardens enhance the attraction which the town derives from an abundance of fine churches and old houses. </b>Hardly any remains of its once extensive ramparts and towers are now to be seen; </b>but the castle, </b>founded by William the Conqueror and completed by Henry I.,</b> is still employed as barracks, </b>though in a greatly altered condition. </b>St Pierre, </b>the most beautiful church in Caen, </b>stands at the northern extremity of the rue St Jean, </b>in the centre of the town. </b>In the main, </b>its architecture is Gothic, </b>but the choir and the apsidal chapels, </b>with their elaborate interior and exterior decoration, </b>are of Renaissance workmanship. </b>The graceful tower, </b>which rises beside the southern portal to a height of 255 ft.,</b> belongs to the early 14th century. </b>The church of St Étienne, </b>or l'Abbaye-aux-Hommes, </b>in the west of the town, </b>is an important specimen of Romanesque architecture, </b>dating from about 1070, </b>when it was founded by William the Conqueror. </b>It is unfortunately hemmed in by other buildings, </b>so that a comprehensive view of it is not to be obtained. </b>The whole building, </b>and especially the west façade, </b>which is flanked by two towers with lofty spires, </b>is characterized by its simplicity. </b>The choir, </b>which is one of the earliest examples of the Norman Gothic style, </b>dates from the early 13th century. </b>In 1562 the Protestants did great damage to the building, </b>which was skilfully restored in the early 17th century. </b>A marble slab marks the former resting-place of William the Conqueror. </b>The abbey-buildings were rebuilt in the 17th and 18th centuries, </b>and now shelter the lycée. </b>Matilda, </b>wife of the Conqueror, </b>was the foundress of the church of La Trinité or l'Abbaye-aux-Dames, </b>which is of the same date as St Étienne. </b>Two square unfinished towers flank the western entrance, </b>and another rises above the transept. </b>Queen Matilda is interred in the choir, </b>and a fine crypt beneath it contains the remains of former abbesses. </b>The buildings of the nunnery, </b>reconstructed in the early 18th century, </b>now serve as a hospital. </b>Other interesting old churches are those of St Sauveur, </b>St Michel de Vaucelles, </b>St Jean, </b>St Gilles, </b>Notre-Dame de la Gloriette, </b>St Étienne le Vieux and St Nicolas, </b>the last two now secularized. </b>Caen possesses many old timber houses and stone mansions, </b>in one of which, </b>the hôtel d'Ecoville (</b>c. </b>1530),</b> the exchange and the tribunal of commerce are established. </b>The hôtel de Than, </b>also of the 16th century, </b>is remarkable for its graceful dormer-windows. </b>The Maison des Gens d'Armes (</b>15th century),</b> in the eastern outskirts of the town, </b>has a massive tower adorned with medallions and surmounted by two figures of armed men. </b>The monuments at Caen include one to the natives of Calvados killed in 1870 and 1871 and one to the lawyer J.C.F. </b>Demolombe, </b>together with statues of Louis XIV, </b>Élie de Beaumont, </b>Pierre Simon, </b>marquis de Laplace, </b>D.F.E. </b>Auber and François de Malherbe, </b>the two last natives of the town. </b>Caen is the seat of a court of appeal, </b>of a court of assizes and of a prefect. </b>It is the centre of an academy and has a university with faculties of law, </b>science and letters and a preparatory school of medicine and pharmacy; </b>there are also a lycée, </b>training colleges, </b>schools of art and music, </b>and two large hospitals. </b>The other chief public institutions are tribunals of first instance and commerce, </b>an exchange, </b>a chamber of commerce and a branch of the Bank of France. </b>The hôtel-de-ville contains the library, </b>with more than 100,000 volumes and the art museum with a fine collection of paintings. </b>The town is the seat of several learned societies including the Société des Antiquaires, </b>which has a rich museum of antiquities. </b>Caen, </b>despite a diversity of manufactures, </b>is commercial rather than industrial. </b>Its trade is due to its position in the agricultural and horse-breeding district known as the "</b>Campagne de Caen" </b>and to its proximity to the iron mines of the Orne valley, </b>and to manufacturing towns such as Falaise, </b>Le Mans, </b>&c<b>. </b>In the south-east of the town there is a floating basin lined with quays and connected with the Orne and with the canal which debouches into the sea at Ouistreham 9 m. </b>to the N.N.E. </b>The port, </b>which also includes a portion of the river-bed, </b>communicates with Havre and Newhaven by a regular line of steamers; </b>it has a considerable fishing population. </b>In 1905 the number of vessels entered was 563 with a tonnage of 190,190. </b>English coal is foremost among the imports, </b>which also include timber and grain, </b>while iron ore, </b>Caen stone[1],</b> butter and eggs and fruit are among the exports. </b>Important horse and cattle fairs are held in the town. </b>The industries of Caen include timber-sawing, </b>metal-founding and machine-construction, </b>cloth-weaving, </b>lace-making, </b>the manufacture of leather and gloves, </b>and of oil from the colza grown in the district, </b>furniture and other wooden goods and chemical products. </b>Entry: </b>>CAEN
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 4 "Bulgaria" to "Calgary" 1910-1911