Quotes4study

_Catechu_ is a valuable brown dyestuff, obtained from various species of _Acacia_, _Areca_ and _Uncaria_ growing in India. The wood, leaves and fruit of these plants are extracted with boiling water; the decoction is then evaporated to dryness or to a pasty consistency. Catechu is largely used by the cotton dyer for the production of brown, drab and similar colours. It is seldom employed for wool. Cotton is usually dyed by boiling it for about one hour in a decoction of catechu (100%) containing copper sulphate (5%). After squeezing, the material is boiled for about fifteen minutes in a solution of bichromate of potash (¼ oz. per gal.), then washed and dried. By repeating the operations two or three times deeper shades are obtained. During the boiling with catechu the cotton attracts the active principles catechin and catechu-tannic acid, but it thus acquires only a pale brown colour; in the bichromate of potash, however, these are oxidized to form insoluble japonic acid, which permeates the fibre, and a deep brown colour is thus developed. Catechu browns are fast to a variety of influences, e.g. washing, alkalis, acids, &c., but less so to light. Catechu has been recently much employed, in conjunction with copper sulphate, for dyeing the so-called khaki-brown on woollen material for military clothing. On silk, catechu is much used for weighting purposes in dyeing black. Entry: MISCELLANEOUS

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 8 "Dubner" to "Dyeing"     1910-1911

LYALL, SIR ALFRED COMYN (1835- ), Anglo-Indian civil servant and man of letters, son of the Rev. Alfred Lyall, was born in 1835, and educated at Eton and Haileybury. He entered the Bengal civil service in 1855, saw service during the Mutiny in the Bulandshahr district, at Meerut, and with the Khaki Risala of volunteers. He was commissioner in Berar (1867), secretary to the government of India in the Home and Foreign departments, lieutenant-governor of the North-western Provinces (1882-1887), and member of the Council of India (1888-1903). Among his writings, his _Verses Written in India_ (1889) attained considerable popularity, and in his _Asiatic Studies_ (1882 and 1899) he displays a deep insight into Indian life and character. He wrote the _Life_ of Lord Dufferin (1905), and made numerous contributions to periodical literature. Entry: LYALL

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 17, Slice 2 "Luray Cavern" to "Mackinac Island"     1910-1911

>KHAKI (from Urdu _khak_, dust), originally a dust-coloured fabric, of the character of canvas, drill or holland, used by the British and native armies in India. It seems to have been first worn by the Guides, a mixed regiment of frontier troops, in 1848, and to have spread to other regiments during the following years. Some at any rate of the British troops had uniforms of khaki during the Indian Mutiny (1857-58), and thereafter drill or holland (generally called "khaki" whatever its colour) became the almost universal dress of British and native troops in Asia and Africa. During the South African War of 1899-1902, drill of a sandy shade of brown was worn by all troops sent out from Great Britain and the Colonies. Khaki drill, however, proved unsuitable material for the cold weather in the uplands of South Africa, and after a time the troops were supplied with dust-coloured serge uniforms. Since 1900 all drab and green-grey uniforms have been, unofficially at any rate, designated khaki. Entry: KHAKI

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 15, Slice 7 "Kelly, Edward" to "Kite"     1910-1911

KELLY, EDWARD KIAOCHOW BAY KELLY, SIR FITZROY KICKAPOO KELLY, HUGH KIDD, JOHN KELLY, MICHAEL KIDD, THOMAS KELP KIDD, WILLIAM KELSO KIDDERMINSTER KELVIN, WILLIAM THOMSON KIDNAPPING KEMBLE (English actors) KIDNEY DISEASES KEMBLE, JOHN MITCHELL KIDWELLY KEMÉNY, ZSIGMOND KIEF KEMP, WILLIAM KIEL KEMPE, JOHN KIELCE (government in Poland) KEMPEN KIELCE (town of Poland) KEMPENFELT, RICHARD KIEPERT, HEINRICH KEMPT, SIR JAMES KIERKEGAARD, SÖREN AABY KEMPTEN KIEV (government of Russia) KEN, THOMAS KIEV (city of Russia) KEN (river of India) KILBARCHAN KENA KILBIRNIE KENDAL, DUKEDOM OF KILBRIDE, WEST KENDAL, WILLIAM HUNTER KILDARE (county of Ireland) KENDAL (town of England) KILDARE (town of Ireland) KENDALL, HENRY CLARENCE KILHAM, ALEXANDER KENEALY, EDWARD VAUGHAN HYDE KILIA KENG TUNG KILIAN, ST KENILWORTH KILIMANJARO KENITES KILIN KENMORE KILKEE KENMURE, WILLIAM GORDON KILKENNY (county of Ireland) KENNEDY (Scottish family) KILKENNY (city of Ireland) KENNEDY, BENJAMIN HALL KILKENNY, STATUTE OF KENNEDY, THOMAS FRANCIS KILLALA KENNEDY, WALTER KILLALOE KENNEL KILLARNEY KENNETH KILLDEER KENNETT, WHITE KILLIECRANKIE KENNEY, JAMES KILLIGREW, SIR HENRY KENNGOTT, GUSTAV ADOLPH KILLIGREW, THOMAS KENNICOTT, BENJAMIN KILLIN KENNINGTON KILLIS KENORA KILLYBEGS KENOSHA KILLYLEAGH KENSETT, JOHN FREDERICK KILMAINE, CHARLES EDWARD KENSINGTON KILMALLOCK KENT, EARLS AND DUKES OF KILMARNOCK KENT, JAMES KILMAURS KENT, WILLIAM KILN KENT (kingdom of Britain) KILPATRICK, NEW, or EAST KENT (county of England) KILPATRICK, OLD KENTIGERN, ST KILRUSH KENTON KILSYTH KENT'S CAVERN KILT KENTUCKY KILWA KENYA KILWARDBY, ROBERT KENYON, LLOYD KENYON KILWINNING KEOKUK KIMBERLEY, JOHN WODEHOUSE KEONJHAR KIMBERLEY (town of South Africa) KEONTHAL KIMERIDGIAN KEPLER, JOHANN KIMHI KEPPEL, AUGUSTUS KEPPEL KIN KEPPEL, SIR HENRY KINCARDINESHIRE KER, JOHN KINCHINJUNGA KERAK KIND KERALA KINDERGARTEN KERASUND KINDI KÉRATRY, AUGUSTE HILARION KINEMATICS KERBELA KINETICS KERCH KING, CHARLES WILLIAM KERCKHOVEN, JAN VAN DEN KING, CLARENCE KERGUELEN ISLAND KING, EDWARD KERGUELEN'S LAND CABBAGE KING, EDWARD KERKUK KING, HENRY KERMADEC KING, RUFUS KERMAN (province of Persia) KING, THOMAS KERMAN (city of Persia) KING, WILLIAM (Anglican divine) KERMANSHAH KING, WILLIAM (English poet) KERMES KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING KERMESSE KING (title) KERN, JAN HENDRIK KING-BIRD KERNEL KING-CRAB KERNER, JUSTINUS CHRISTIAN KINGFISHER KERRY KINGHORN KERSAINT, ARMAND DE COETNEMPREN KINGLAKE, ALEXANDER WILLIAM KERVYN DE LETTENHOVE, BRUNO KINGLET KESHUB CHUNDER SEN KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF KÉSMÁRK KING'S BENCH, COURT OF KESTREL KINGSBRIDGE KESWICK KING'S COUNTY KESWICK CONVENTION KINGSDOWN, THOMAS PEMBERTON LEIGH KET, ROBERT KING'S EVIL KETCH, JOHN KINGSFORD, WILLIAM KETCHUP KINGSLEY, CHARLES KETENES KINGSLEY, HENRY KETI KINGSLEY, HENRY KETONES KING'S LYNN KETTELER, WILHELM EMMANUEL KING'S MOUNTAIN KETTERING KINGSTON, ELIZABETH KETTLE, SIR RUPERT ALFRED KINGSTON, WILLIAM HENRY GILES KETTLEDRUM KINGSTON (Ontario, Canada) KEUPER KINGSTON (New York, U.S.A.) KEW KINGSTON (Pennsylvania, U.S.A.) KEWANEE KINGSTON-ON-THAMES KEY, SIR ASTLEY COOPER KINGSTON-UPON-HULL, EARLS AND DUKES OF KEY, THOMAS HEWITT KINGSTOWN KEY (for lock) KING-TÊ CHÊN KEYBOARD KINGUSSIE KEYSTONE KING WILLIAM'S TOWN KEY WEST KINKAJOU KHABAROVSK KINKEL, JOHANN GOTTFRIED KHAIRAGARH KINNING PARK KHAIREDDIN KINNOR KHAIRPUR KINO KHAJRAHO KINORHYNCHA KHAKI KINROSS-SHIRE KHALIFA, THE KINSALE KHALIL IBN AHMAD KINTORE KHAMGAON KIOTO KHAMSEH KIOWAS KHAMSIN KIPLING, RUDYARD KHAMTIS KIPPER KHAN KIPPIS, ANDREW KHANDESH, EAST and WEST KIRBY, WILLIAM KHANDWA KIRCHER, ATHANASIUS KHANSA KIRCHHEIM-UNTER-TECK KHAR KIRCHHOFF, GUSTAV ROBERT KHARAGHODA KIRCHHOFF, JOHANN WILHELM ADOLF KHARGA KIRGHIZ KHARKOV (government of Russia) KIRIN KHARKOV (town of Russia) KIRK, SIR JOHN KHARPUT KIRKBY, JOHN KHARSAWAN KIRKCALDY KHARTUM KIRKCALDY OF GRANGE, SIR WILLIAM KHASI AND JAINTIA HILLS KIRKCUDBRIGHT KHASKOY KIRKCUDBRIGHTSHIRE KHATTAK KIRKE, PERCY KHAZARS KIRKEE KHEDIVE KIRKINTILLOCH KHERI KIRK-KILISSEH KHERSON (government of Russia) KIRKSVILLE KHERSON (town of Russia) KIRKWALL KHEVENHÜLLER, LUDWIG ANDREAS KIRRIEMUIR KHEVSURS KIRSCH KHILCHIPUR KIR-SHEHER KHINGAN KIRWAN, RICHARD KHIVA (kingdom of Asia) KISFALUDY, KÁROLY KHIVA (town in Western Asia) KISH KHNOPFF, FERNAND JEAN MARIE KISHANGARH KHOI KISHINEV KHOJENT KISHM KHOKAND KISKUNFÉLEGYHÁZA KHOLM KISLOVODSK KHONDS KISMET KHORASAN KISS KHORREMABAD KISSAR KHORSABAD KISSINGEN KHOTAN KISTNA (river of India) KHOTIN KISTNA (district of India) KHULNA KIT KHUNSAR KITAZATO, SHIBASABURO KHURJA KIT-CAT CLUB KHYBER PASS KITCHEN KIAKHTA KITCHENER, HORATIO HERBERT KITCHENER KIANG-SI KITE KIANG-SU Entry: KELLY

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 15, Slice 7 "Kelly, Edward" to "Kite"     1910-1911