Memang hukum fiqih itu didesain bisa berubah mengikuti zaman dengan dipandu kaidah-kaidah yang biasa disebut Qowaidul Fiqh. Hal ini tentu sangat penting, apalagi pengetahuan dan penemuan saat ini semakin canggih. Twitter contohnya. Media sosial yang sering dijadikan tempat perang ini punya fenomena jual-beli follower. Mereka menyamakan follower dengan barang yang bisa diuangkan. Gue ngebayangin akan ada Ahli Fiqih yang nantinya membuat hukum zakat follower. Jadi setiap lebaran tiba, pengguna Twitter yang punya satu juta follower (setara nisab 85 gram emas) dan sudah mencapai haul-nya, maka wajib menzakatkan 2,5% follower-nya untuk para mustahiq. Mustahiq itu adalah pengguna Twitter yang hanya punya follower nggak lebih dari 100, dan memasang foto dengan pakaian lusuh sambil menadahkan tangan. Mereka juga harus pakai hashtag #FF #fakirfollower.
There is a writing upon the wall of cliffs at Cromer, and whoso runs may read it. It tells us, with an authority which cannot be impeached, that the ancient sea-bed of the chalk sea was raised up, and remained dry land, until it was covered with forest, stocked with the great game the spoils of which have rejoiced your geologists. How long it remained in that condition cannot be said; but "the whirligig of time brought its revenges" in those days as in these. That dry land, with the bones and teeth of generations of long-lived elephants, hidden away among the gnarled roots and dry leaves of its ancient trees, sank gradually to the bottom of the icy sea, which covered it with huge masses of drift and boulder clay. Sea-beasts, such as the walrus, now restricted to the extreme north, paddled about where birds had twittered among the topmost twigs of the fir-trees. How long this state of things endured we know not, but at length it came to an end. The upheaved glacial mud hardened into the soil of modern Norfolk. Forests grew once more, the wolf and the beaver replaced the reindeer and the elephant; and at length what we call the history of England dawned.
Wie die Alten sungen, so zwitschern auch die Jungen=--As the old birds sing, so will the young ones twitter.
Fortune's Exercising Truths: 1: Richard Simmons gets paid to exercise like a lunatic. You don't. 2. Aerobic exercises stimulate and speed up the heart. So do heart attacks. 3. Exercising around small children can scar them emotionally for life. 4. Sweating like a pig and gasping for breath is not refreshing. 5. No matter what anyone tells you, isometric exercises cannot be done quietly at your desk at work. People will suspect manic tendencies as you twitter around in your chair. 6. Next to burying bones, the thing a dog enjoys mosts is tripping joggers. 7. Locking four people in a tiny, cement-walled room so they can run around for an hour smashing a little rubber ball -- and each other -- with a hard racket should immediately be recognized for what it is: a form of insanity. 8. Fifty push-ups, followed by thirty sit-ups, followed by ten chin-ups, followed by one throw-up. 9. Any activity that can't be done while smoking should be avoided.
"My God! It's Watson," said he. He was in a pitiable state of reaction, with every nerve in a twitter. "I say, Watson, what o'clock is it?"
This chaste, almost shy love was not devoid of gallantry, by any means. To pay compliments to the woman whom a man loves is the first method of bestowing caresses, and he is half audacious who tries it. A compliment is something like a kiss through a veil. Voluptuousness mingles there with its sweet tiny point, while it hides itself. The heart draws back before voluptuousness only to love the more. Marius' blandishments, all saturated with fancy, were, so to speak, of azure hue. The birds when they fly up yonder, in the direction of the angels, must hear such words. There were mingled with them, nevertheless, life, humanity, all the positiveness of which Marius was capable. It was what is said in the bower, a prelude to what will be said in the chamber; a lyrical effusion, strophe and sonnet intermingled, pleasing hyperboles of cooing, all the refinements of adoration arranged in a bouquet and exhaling a celestial perfume, an ineffable twitter of heart to heart.
In Floreal[34] this enormous thicket, free behind its gate and within its four walls, entered upon the secret labor of germination, quivered in the rising sun, almost like an animal which drinks in the breaths of cosmic love, and which feels the sap of April rising and boiling in its veins, and shakes to the wind its enormous wonderful green locks, sprinkled on the damp earth, on the defaced statues, on the crumbling steps of the pavilion, and even on the pavement of the deserted street, flowers like stars, dew like pearls, fecundity, beauty, life, joy, perfumes. At midday, a thousand white butterflies took refuge there, and it was a divine spectacle to see that living summer snow whirling about there in flakes amid the shade. There, in those gay shadows of verdure, a throng of innocent voices spoke sweetly to the soul, and what the twittering forgot to say the humming completed. In the evening, a dreamy vapor exhaled from the garden and enveloped it; a shroud of mist, a calm and celestial sadness covered it; the intoxicating perfume of the honeysuckles and convolvulus poured out from every part of it, like an exquisite and subtle poison; the last appeals of the woodpeckers and the wagtails were audible as they dozed among the branches; one felt the sacred intimacy of the birds and the trees; by day the wings rejoice the leaves, by night the leaves protect the wings.
One day, the air was warm, the Luxembourg was inundated with light and shade, the sky was as pure as though the angels had washed it that morning, the sparrows were giving vent to little twitters in the depths of the chestnut-trees. Marius had thrown open his whole soul to nature, he was not thinking of anything, he simply lived and breathed, he passed near the bench, the young girl raised her eyes to him, the two glances met.
It was by this time half-past five, and the sun was on the point of rising; but I found the kitchen still dark and silent. The side-passage door was fastened; I opened it with as little noise as possible: all the yard was quiet; but the gates stood wide open, and there was a post-chaise, with horses ready harnessed, and driver seated on the box, stationed outside. I approached him, and said the gentlemen were coming; he nodded: then I looked carefully round and listened. The stillness of early morning slumbered everywhere; the curtains were yet drawn over the servants' chamber windows; little birds were just twittering in the blossom-blanched orchard trees, whose boughs drooped like white garlands over the wall enclosing one side of the yard; the carriage horses stamped from time to time in their closed stables: all else was still.
FIELDFARE (O.E. _fealo-for_ = fallow-farer), a large species of thrush, the _Turdus pilaris_ of Linnaeus--well known as a regular and common autumnal visitor throughout the British Islands and a great part of Europe, besides western Asia, and even reaching northern Africa. It is the _Veldjakker_ and _Veld-lyster_ of the Dutch, the _Wachholderdrossel_ and _Kramtsvogel_ of Germans, the _Litorne_ of the French, and the _Cesena_ of Italians. This bird is of all thrushes the most gregarious in. habit, not only migrating in large bands and keeping in flocks during the winter, but even commonly breeding in society--200 nests or more having been seen within a very small space. The birch-forests of Norway, Sweden and Russia are its chief resorts in summer, but it is known also to breed sparingly in some districts of Germany. Though its nest has been many times reported to have been found in Scotland, there is perhaps no record of such an incident that is not open to doubt; and unquestionably the missel-thrush (_T. viscivorus_) has been often mistaken for the fieldfare by indifferent observers. The head, neck, upper part of the back and the rump are grey; the wings, wing-coverts and middle of the back are rich hazel-brown; the throat is ochraceous; and the breast reddish-brown--both being streaked or spotted with black, while the belly and lower wing-coverts are white, and the legs and toes very dark-brown. The nest and eggs resemble those of the blackbird (_T. merula_), but the former is usually built high up in a tree. The fieldfare's call-note is harsh and loud, sounding like _t'chatt'chat_: its song is low, twittering and poor. It usually arrives in Britain about the middle or end of October, but sometimes earlier, and often remains till the middle of May before departing for its northern breeding-places. In hard weather it throngs to the berry-bearing bushes which then afford it sustenance, but in open winters the flocks spread over the fields in search of animal food--worms, slugs and the larvae of insects. In very severe seasons it will altogether leave the country, and then return for a shorter or longer time as spring approaches. From _William of Palerne_ (translated from the French c. 1350) to the writers of our own day the fieldfare has occasionally been noticed by British poets with varying propriety. Thus Chaucer's association Of its name with frost is as happy as true, while Scott was more than unlucky in his well-known reference to its "lowly nest" in the Highlands. Entry: FIELDFARE
JARGON, in its earliest use a term applied to the chirping and twittering of birds, but since the 15th century mainly confined to any language, spoken or written, which is either unintelligible to the user or to the hearer. It is particularly applied by uninstructed hearers or readers to the language full of technical terminology used by scientific, philosophic and other writers. The word is O. Fr., and Cotgrave defines it as "gibridge (gibberish), fustian language." It is cognate with Span. _gerigonza_, and Ital. _gergo_, _gergone_, and probably related to the onomatopoeic O. Fr. _jargouiller_, to chatter. The root is probably seen in Lat. _garrire_, to chatter. Entry: JARGON
Although so-called singing birds exist in tolerable numbers, those worthy of the name of songster are few. Eminently first is a species of nightingale (_uguisu_), which, though smaller than its congener of the West, is gifted with exquisitely modulated flute-like notes of considerable range. The _uguisu_ is a dainty bird in the matter of temperature. After May it retires from the low-lying regions and gradually ascends to higher altitudes as midsummer approaches. A variety of the cuckoo called _holotogisu_ (_Cuculus poliocephalus_) in imitation of the sound of its voice, is heard as an accompaniment of the _uguisu_, and there are also three other species, the _kakkodori_ (_Cuculus canorus_), the _tsutsu-dori_ (_C. himalayanus_), and the _masuhakari_, or _juichi_ (_C. hyperythrus_). To these the lark, _hibari_ (_Alauda japonica_), joins its voice, and the cooing of the pigeon (_hato_) is supplemented by the twittering of the ubiquitous sparrow (_suzume_), while over all are heard the raucous caw of the raven (_karasu_) and the harsh scream of the kite (_tombi_), between which and the raven there is perpetual feud. The falcon (_taka_), always an honoured bird in Japan, where from time immemorial hawking has been an aristocratic pastime, is common enough, and so is the sparrow-hawk (_hai-taka_), but the eagle (_washi_) affects solitude. Two English ornithologists, Blakiston and Pryer, are the recognized authorities on the birds of Japan, and in a contribution to the _Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan_ (vol. x.) they have enumerated 359 species. Starlings (_muku-dori_) are numerous, and so are the wagtail (_sekirei_), the swallow (_tsubame_) the martin (_ten_), the woodchat (_mozu_) and the jay (_kakesu_ or _kashi-dori_), but the magpie (_togarasu_), though common in China, is rare in Japan. Blackbirds and thrushes are not found, nor any species of parrot, but on the other hand, we have the hoopoe (_yatsugashira_), the red-breast (_komadori_), the bluebird (_ruri_), the wren (_miso-sazai_), the golden-crested wren (_itadaki_), the golden-eagle (_inu-washi_), the finch (_hiwa_), the longtailed rose-finch (_benimashiko_), the ouzel--brown (_akahara_), dusky (_tsugumi_) and water (_kawa-garasu_)--the kingfisher (_kawasemi_), the crake (_kuina_) and the tomtit (_kara_). Among game-birds there are the quail (_uzura_), the heathcock (_ezo-racho_), the ptarmigan (_ezo-raicho_ or _ezo-yama-dori_), the woodcock (hodo-shigi), the snipe (_ta-shigi_)--with two special species, the solitary snipe (_yama-shigi_) and the painted snipe (_tama-shigi_)--and the pheasant (_kiji_). Of the last there are two species, the _kiji_ proper, a bird presenting no remarkable features, and the copper pheasant, a magnificent bird with plumage of dazzling beauty. Conspicuous above all others, not only for grace of form but also for the immemorial attention paid to them by Japanese artists, are the crane (_tsuru_) and the heron (_sagi_). Of the crane there are seven species, the stateliest and most beautiful being the _Grus japonensis_ (_tancho_ or _tancho-zuru_), which stands some 5 ft. high and has pure white plumage with a red crown, black tail-feathers and black upper neck. It is a sacred bird, and it shares with the tortoise the honour of being an emblem of longevity. The other species are the demoiselle crane (_anewa-zuru_), the black crane (_kuro-zuru_ or _nezumi-zuru_, i.e. _Grus cinerea_), the _Grus leucauchen_ (_mana-zuru_), the _Grus monachus_ (_nabe-zuru_), and the white crane (_shiro-zuru_). The Japanese include in this category the stork (_kozuru_), but it may be said to have disappeared from the island. The heron (_sagi_) constitutes a charming feature in a Japanese landscape, especially the silver heron (_shira-sagi_), which displays its brilliant white plumage in the rice-fields from spring to early autumn. The night-heron (_goi-sagi_) is very common. Besides these waders there are plover (_chidori_); golden (_muna-guro_ or _ai-guro_); gray (_daizen_); ringed (_shiro-chidori_); spur-winged (_keri_) and Harting's sand-plover (_ikaru-chidori_); sand-pipers--green (_ashiro-shigi_) and spoon-billed (_hera-shigi_)--and water-hens (_ban_). Among swimming birds the most numerous are the gull (_kamome_), of which many varieties are found; the cormorant (_u_)--which is trained by the Japanese for fishing purposes--and multitudinous flocks of wild-geese (_gan_) and wild-ducks (_kamo_), from the beautiful mandarin-duck (_oshi-dori_), emblem of conjugal fidelity, to teal (_kogamo_) and widgeon (_hidori-gamo_) of several species. Great preserves of wild-duck and teal used to be a frequent feature in the parks attached to the feudal castles of old Japan, when a peculiar method of netting the birds or striking them with falcons was a favourite aristocratic pastime. A few of such preserves still exist, and it is noticeable that in the Palace-moats of Tokyo all kinds of water-birds, attracted by the absolute immunity they enjoy there, assemble in countless numbers at the approach of winter and remain until the following spring, wholly indifferent to the close proximity of the city. Entry: F