Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan's life and work are dealt with elsewhere. Among his literary achievements may be mentioned the _Asarus-Sanadid_ ("Vestiges of Princes"), an excellent account of Delhi and its monuments, which has passed through several editions since it was first lithographed in 1847. His essays and occasional papers, published in the _Aligarh Institute Gazette_ (started in 1864), and afterwards (from 1870 onwards) in a periodical entitled _Tahzibul-Akhlaq_ (or "Muhammadan Social Reformer"), handle all the problems of religious, social and educational advancement among Indian Musalmans--the cause with which his life was identified. His great _Commentary on the Qur'an_, in seven volumes, the last finished only a few days before his death in 1898, is carried to the end of Surah xx., a little more than half the book. In him Urdu prose found its most powerful wielder for the diffusion of modern ideas, and the movement which he set on foot has been the spring of the best literature in the language during recent years. Entry: 4
The other important work of Ibn Gabirol is _Islah al-akhlaq_ (the improvement of character), a popular work in Arabic, translated into Hebrew (_Tiqqun middoth ha-nephesh_) by Judah ibn Tibbon. It is widely different in treatment from the _Fons_, being intended as a practical not a speculative work. Entry: IBN